Ph.D. engineer and MBA writing about wealth psychology, financial clarity, and why most money advice misses the point.
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My parents both taught middle school for thirty years and retired in their late fifties. I remember my mom was excited not to do the daily commute and was looking forward to finally having the time to focus on herself and her love of knitting. That was about twenty years ago.
Little by little, she started losing her social connections. The social gatherings with her colleagues from school started to become less frequent and eventually stopped. Over time, she even stopped knitting. As much as they were looking to travel, my parents ended up doing very little of it. Days started looking the same, consisting of watching a lot of TV.
The world stopped asking for her.
When you daydream about your retirement, you think about all the possibilities. Your retirement looks like a travel brochure. Visit all the destinations, do things you never had time to do, and spend more time with friends and family.
Then a few years after retirement, you realize many things you dreamt about might not happen or feel the way you thought they would. Sitting on the bleachers, you look at your old life and see people playing a game you are no longer in. And the retirement years begin to feel like a never-ending stretch.
Since 1900, the life expectancy of people who live to 65 has increased from about 12 years to around 20 years. That is 20 years you might not have planned how to spend.
The brochure promised time for yourself. It said nothing about your place in other people’s lives.
My mom had looked forward to leaving the daily commute behind. For thirty years, it had taken her to a classroom where people expected her to show up.
In 1960, Ernest Burgess, a University of Chicago sociologist, described what retirement felt like. Retirees, he wrote, "found themselves cursed instead of blessed by leisure time in abundance and little or nothing to do with it."
For many, retirement is not a choice. 56% of workers over 50 are laid off or pushed out of a job at least once before they stop working. If the job was what defined your life purpose, and your social circle consisted mostly of coworkers, losing a job means more than losing a paycheck.
The golden years were sold as a time that gives you the freedom to do anything you want or nothing at all. But for many, they turn into a time where they feel invisible. They are often absent from everyday pictures you encounter.
A 2019 AARP study shows that people over 50 made up 46% of American adults but appeared in only 15% of online images featuring adults. And when they appear, the images often show them alone. Younger adults were more often pictured working, speaking to an audience, or taking part in social activities.
Adults over 50 hold almost 90% of wealth in America. People who barely appear in pictures are paying for more than half of all household purchases, $10.7 trillion a year.
Under 10% of marketing budgets are aimed at people who hold 90% of wealth. They are invisible even when it comes to being targeted as customers.
You can have money to spend and still have no one to spend the afternoon with.
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, people 65 years and older spend about seven hours a day on leisure. Most of that time is spent in front of the TV, and less than 10% is spent visiting or socializing with other people.
For many, work is the main way you make friends and socialize. Meeting coworkers, socializing after work, going to dinner with your team are all a normal part of having a job. You can strike up a conversation with someone in the hallway without planning for it.
After you leave your job, the same interactions require planning and working around other people's schedules just to arrange a simple get-together.
Over time, the social calendar becomes less crowded. The quiet starts growing without you noticing it.
Retirement does not have to be like this, and for many it is not. This is where the sad part of the story ends. The majority of retirees manage to adjust.
There are many things to enjoy about leaving your job. Not having a long commute means you will not be staring at rows of cars for several hours a day, working in jobs you might not particularly enjoy, or dealing with office politics. Those were the things that you dreamt about not doing in retirement. There is nothing wrong with enjoying controlling your own time.
My mom had every reason to look forward to that freedom. What she lost along the way was another aspect of her work life. Being needed and knowing that her absence would be felt. That is what gave her a sense of purpose and kept her mind sharp.
The aspects of the job that kept my mom sharp were having a big work social circle and the need to get ready and go in front of people, requiring her to be presentable. After she lost all that, her decline began. Twenty years later, she even has trouble walking.
A Harvard study showed that adults over 50 who volunteered about two hours a week were less likely to die or develop physical limits over the next four years. And this is more about the nature of the activity. Similarly, a part-time job helped retirees be sharper and healthier as they aged.
You could enjoy many happy retirement years if you keep the elements of your job that keep your brain functioning, and do things that make your absence noticed. There is no scenario that fits all. You should pick activities that are social by nature, and do things where you are not a passive participant. It could be working at a charity, a hobby, a part-time job, or mentoring younger professionals in your field. What they need to have in common are the same elements my mom lost in retirement. Knitting at home fills an afternoon. Meeting the same group to knit each week gives that afternoon familiar faces.
My mom spent thirty years in a classroom where people expected her. Leaving the job meant losing that place.
You can be done with work and still want to be part of someone’s day.
Sources
Social Security Administration, Office of the Chief Actuary, Actuarial Study 112, Table 9, "Life Expectancy at Birth and Age 65 by Sex." In 1900, a 65-year-old man could expect 11.4 more years and a woman 12.0. https://www.ssa.gov/oact/NOTES/AS112/tab9.html
National Center for Health Statistics, "Mortality in the United States, 2024," NCHS Data Brief, January 2026. Life expectancy at 65 in 2024 was 19.7 years (18.4 for men, 20.8 for women). https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db548.htm
ProPublica and the Urban Institute, "If You're Over 50, Chances Are the Decision to Leave a Job Won't Be Yours," 28 December 2018. Analysis of the Health and Retirement Study through 2016: 56% of workers over 50 are laid off at least once or leave a job under circumstances that suggest they were pushed out; only 1 in 10 of them ever earns as much again. https://www.propublica.org/article/older-workers-united-states-pushed-out-of-work-forced-retirement
AARP Research, age representation in online media images, 2019. Adults over 50 are 46% of U.S. adults but appear in 15% of online images that include adults; seven in ten of those images show them isolated (often seated, alone, with a partner or with a medical professional); 55% of images of people under 50 show them at work, against 13% for people 50 and older. https://www.aarp.org/pri/topics/aging-experience/age-representation-in-online-media-images/
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Distributional Financial Accounts, share of household net worth by age of household head, second quarter of 2026 (updated 18 September 2026). Households headed by someone 55 or older hold 74.6% of U.S. household net worth; 40 or older, 93.6%. https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/z1/dataviz/dfa/distribute/table/
AARP, "Older Americans Are Boosting the Economy for All," 2 June 2026 (Longevity Economy Outlook 2026). Households headed by adults 50 and older spent $10.7 trillion in 2024, more than half of all consumer spending; they are about 36% of the population. https://www.aarp.org/money/personal-finance/longevity-economy-report-2026/
Megan Wilkins, "Golden years: older Americans at work and play," Beyond the Numbers, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 29 May 2025. In 2023, people 65 and older averaged 7.1 hours of leisure a day; 4.3 hours of it was television, and 34 minutes went to socializing and communicating. https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-14/golden-years-older-americans-at-work-and-play.htm
Mo Wang and Connie R. Wanberg, "100 Years of Applied Psychology Research on Individual Careers: From Career Management to Retirement," Journal of Applied Psychology 102(3), 2017, summarizing Wang (2007). Over eight years, about 70% of retirees saw minimal change in psychological well-being, about 25% declined at first and then recovered, and about 5% improved. https://carlsonschool.umn.edu/sites/carlsonschool.umn.edu/files/2019-01/Wang%20and%20Wanberg%202017.pdf
ScienceDaily, "Volunteerism: Doing good does you good," 11 June 2020, on Eric S. Kim, Ashley V. Whillans and colleagues (Harvard), American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2020. Among nearly 13,000 adults over 50 followed for four years, those who volunteered at least 100 hours a year (about two hours a week) had a substantially reduced risk of dying and of developing physical limitations. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/06/200611094136.htm
Yujie Zhan, Mo Wang, Songqi Liu and Kenneth S. Shultz, "Bridge employment and retirees' health: A longitudinal investigation," Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 14(4), 2009. Among 12,189 retirees in the Health and Retirement Study, bridge employment was associated with fewer major diseases and functional limitations than full retirement, and career bridge employment with better mental health. https://research.monash.edu/en/publications/bridge-employment-and-retirees-health-a-longitudinal-investigatio/
